Pande suggests that because of his long-term work among the tribe, Guru was able to talk them round to refrain from consuming meat and alcohol, and to pressurize the state for the formation of village councils which could administer their own affairs and for barring forced labor. Their campaigning was stepped up and given meaning by Govind Guru who was a social and political leader. Mutiny against Mewar State Īccording to Ram Pande, in 1881, the Bhils protested against "the census classification, prohibition on alcohol manufacture, establishment of police and customs, and the ban on the killing of witches". She claims that the British colonial government legislated the Act in 1871 in the wake of these autochthonic tribes' proclivity for rebellion. Susan Abraham notes that many of the tribes characterized as criminal under the Act had earlier rebelled against the East India Company and participated in the Indian Rebellion of 1857. Īlong with a number of other Indian social groups, the Bhils were designated as a criminal tribe by the British colonial government under the Criminal Tribes Act 1871, which meant that a Bhil could be "randomly picked up, tortured, maimed or even killed" by the colonial authorities. The Bhils of what is now the state of Gujarat rebelled on several occasions during the British colonial era, notably in 1846, 1857–. It is also used as a blanket term to refer to the autochthonous peoples of these areas.
The term Bhil is used to refer to "various ethnic communities" living in the forests and hills of Rajasthan's southern parts and surrounding regions of western India, highlighting the "popularity of the bow and arrow as a weapon among these groups". Some scholars suggest that the term Bhil is derived from the word billa or billu which means bow in the Dravidian lexis. Most Bhils now speak the language of the region they reside in, such as Marathi, Gujarati or a Bhili language dialect. Bhils are divided into a number of endogamous territorial divisions, which in turn have a number of clans and lineages. īhils are listed as tribal people of the states of Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra and Rajasthan-all in the western Deccan regions and central India-as well as in Tripura in far-eastern India, on the border with Bangladesh.
As of 2013, Bhils were the largest tribal group in India.
They speak the Bhil languages, a subgroup of the Western Zone of the Indo-Aryan languages. Indo-Aryan peoples, Bhel (tribe), Warli, Halbaīhils or Bheels are an Adivasi ethnic group in West India.
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